consul, -is m.
consul. Tacitus
records his history year by year (thus the title Annales); it is Roman
practice to identify the year by naming the two consuls in office. The year of
the consulship of Gaius Fufius Geminus and Lucius Rebellius Geminus was 29 CE.
obeo, -ire, -ivi/-ii, itum
die; go to; visit.
extremus, -a, -um
extreme; greatest. Livia must have been about 85 years of
age, as her son Tiberius was 70.
Claudius, -i m. a patrician
family name whose members descended from the famous Appius Claudius Caecus and
included as well such diverse figures as Clodia Metelli and the Emperor
Claudius.
Livius, -i m. a Roman family name;
daughters were usually given the feminine form of the family name, hence Livia;
her father was Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, adopted son of Livius
Drusus.
Iulius, -i m. a Roman family name,
famous members of which were Julius Caesar and Augustus; the name is commonly
derived from Iulus, the alternate name of Aeneas’ son Ascanius. Click on
the SPQR icon beside the Latin text to see the coins Augustus and his
successors minted in her image.
primum adverb
for the
first time; first.
liberi, -orum m.
children; i.e. Tiberius and Drusus who would later be adopted by
Octavian.
fuere= alternate
form of fuerunt.
Tiberius Claudius Nero
(-onis), c. 85-33 BCE: first husband of Livia, who was his kinswoman in the
Claudian gens. Click on the SPQR icon beside the Latin text for a basalt
portrait bust of the young Livia.
exim/exinde adverb
thereafter; next; accordingly.
Caesar, -aris m.: as adopted son of Caesar, Octavian, not yet princeps or Augustus, used his adopted father’s name at this time (39 BCE).
cupido, -inis f.
desire, passion, lust; ablative of cause.
forma, -ae f
appearance, beauty.
aufero, -ferre, -abstuli,
ablatum
take away, carry away; steal;
obtain.
incertum an [est]:
it
is uncertain whether.
invitus. -a, -um
reluctant, unwilling.
properus, -a, -um
quick, hasty.
enitor, eniti, enisus/a sum
give birth to. Nitendum = gerund with
ad, expressing purpose, following the ablative absolute
spatio dato.
penates, -ium m. pl.
household gods, spirits of the larder; home. Click
on the SPQR icon beside the Latin text to see a representation.
gravidus, -a, um
pregnant; full.
induco, -ere, -duxi, -ductum
bring in, introduce.
posthac adverb
hereafter, in future.
edo, -ere, didi, ditum
give
birth to; put forth; produce.
sanguis, -inis m.
blood; descent; offspring; family.
coniunctio, -onis f.
union; connection; affinity.
Agrippina Maior (14 BCE-33 CE):
daughter of Julia, the daughter of Augustus, and Agrippa. Click on the
SPQR icons beside the Latin text for images of Agrippina and her husband
Germanicus.
Germanicus (15 BCE- 19 CE ):
son of Antonia Minor, the daughter of Octavia and Antony, and Drusus, the son
of Livia and Tiberius Claudius Nero.
adnecto, -ere, -nexui, -nexum
connect, tie.
communis, -e
common; universal; general.
pronepos, -otis m.
great grandson.
sanctitas, -tatis f.
integrity, chastity; sacredness; an ablative of
description.
priscus, -a, um
ancient; former; old-fashioned. Understand
erat here and with each of the following phrases.
mos, -moris m.
custom,
practice; nature, manner.
comis, -e
agreeable;
friendly; courteous.
ultra, adverb,
often followed
by quam = beyond.
antiquus, -a, um
old-fashioned; honest; former.
probo (1)
approve;
recommend; probatum [erat] = impersonal use. Suetonius
Augustus 71 reveals that Augustus’ libido was such that
his wife supplied maidens for him.
inpotens, -entis
headstrong, violent; powerless, weak. Suetonius
IV.23 notes that Caligula was said to have irreverently
named his great-grandmother, Livia Augusta, “Ulysses in a stola" (see
stola).
facilis, -e
well-suited; good-natured; the whole phrase is
facilis et ... bene composita.
ars, artis f,
skill;
artifice; quality.
simulatio, -onis f.
hypocrisy; presents; understand et
cum.
compono, -ere, posui,
positum
match; oppose; supply erat.
modicus, -a, um
moderate; small, mean.
diu adverb
for a long
time; not until Caligula's accession in 37 CE; he paid all of her
legacies.
inritus, -a, um
invalid; useless.
pro preposition + ablative
in front of.
rostra, -orum n. pl.
Rostra, the speaker’s platform in the Forum. Click on the
SPQR icon beside the Latin text for a reconstruction drawing of the
Rostra.
Gaius Caesar: Livia’s
great-grandson, Caligula, Emperor 37-41 CE. Suetonius,
IV.10.1 notes that at that time Caligula was still
praetextatus, i.e., wearing the
toga praetexta of a boy and therefore
under the age of 17.
res, rei f.
possessions,
wealth; the State.
potior, potiri, potitus/a +
genitive
acquire, get hold of.
at conjunction
but,
on the other hand.
quod conjunction
in
that; because.
suprema, -orum n. pl.
moment of death; funeral rites/duties (with
officiis).
in preposition + accusative
towards, for.
desum, -esse, -fui + dative
fail in one’s duty; be missing; pluperfect
subjunctive.
magnitudo, -inis f.
size; large amount.
negotium, -i n.
business, work.
litterae, -arum f.
letter, dispatch; see epistula below.
excuso (1)
plead as an
excuse; apologize for; Tiberius does not return from Capri for
his mother’s funeral.
honor, -oris m.
honor, tribute.
decerno, -ere, -crevi,
-cretum
decree; determine.
quasi adverb
as it
were; as if; translate with per
modestiam.
imminuo, -ere, -minui,
minutum
lessen, shorten.
admodum adverb
very, quite; modifies paucis.
recipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum
admit, accept; ablative absolute with
paucis.
addo, -ere, didi, -ditum
add; ablative absolute, understand uno or some such
word.
ne conjunction + subjunctive
(decerneretur)
that not.
caelestis, -e
divine; heavenly.
religio, -onis f.
reverence; sanctity.
malo, -ere, -ui
prefer; wish rather; this is an infinitive in indirect
statement introduced by the understood Tiberius dixit.
pars, partis, f.
part;
understand in + ablative.
idem, eadem, idem pronoun
the same one.
increpo, -ere, -ui, -itum
exclaim against, rebuke.
amicitia, ae, f.
alliance; friendship. While this was a traditional and
honorable bond between men, Tiberius used it against his enemies, isolating
them by punishing their friends, a notable case being Agrippina Maior. Tacitus
tells us this slighting remark is aimed at the consul Fufius, who won his
consulship through Livia’s favor, whose behavior Tiberius found woman-like
and whose barbed jokes he would long remember.
muliebris, -e
woman’s; feminine.
ex eo: understand tempore
(i.e., his mother's death).
praeruptus, -a, -um
steep, rugged; here used metaphorically as hard, stern to
describe Tiberius' rule from this point on; together with urgens, it
modifies dominatio.
urguo = alternate form of
urgeo, -ere, ursi, --
burden, oppress; press, force,
urge.
incolumis, -e
safe, unharmed; ablative absolute with
Augusta.
perfugium, -i n.
a
place to flee to, refuge, asylum; shelter.
inveteratus, a, um
long-standing; unchanging.
erga preposition + accusative
towards; against.
obsequium, -i n.
compliance; obedience; allegiance; understand
erat. Click on the SPQR icon beside the Latin text for a cameo
portrait of Livia in the guise of Venus, observed by the young Tiberius or
Drusus.
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